Designer Research 5x5x5

Armin Hofmann

- He began his career in 1947 as a teacher at the Allgemeine Gewerbeschule Basel School of Art and Crafts at the age of twenty-six

- He is well known for his posters, which emphasized economical use of colour and fonts, in reaction to what Hofmann regarded as the "trivialization of colour."

- He was also an influential educator, retiring in 1987. In 1965 he wrote the Graphic Design Manual, a popular textbook in the field.
thought that one of the most efficient forms of communications was the poster

- His Graphic Design Manual was, and still is, a reference book for all graphic designers.

    

 Saul Bass

- was an American graphic designer and Academy Award-winning filmmaker,

- During his 40-year career Bass worked for some of Hollywood's most prominent filmmakers, including Alfred Hitchcock, Otto Preminger, Billy Wilder, Stanley Kubrick and Martin Scorsese. 

- Bass became widely known in the film industry after creating the title sequence for Otto Preminger's The Man with the Golden Arm (1955)

- Bass once described his main goal for his title sequences as being to ‘’try to reach for a simple, visual phrase that tells you what the picture is all about and evokes the essence of the story”

 - He also designed Continental Airlines' 1968 jet stream logo and United Airlines' 1974 tulip logo, which became some of the most recognized airline industry logos of the era.

Wolfgang Weingart

- His work is categorized as Swiss typography and he is credited as "the father" of New Wave or Swiss Punk typography.

- In April 1958 he returned to Germany and began his studies at the Merz Academy in Stuttgart, where he attended a two-year program in applied graphic arts. He learned typesetting, linocut and woodblock printing.

- He was a member of the Alliance Graphique Internationale (AGI) from 1978 to 1999, and served on the editorial board of Typographische Monatsblätter magazine from 1970 to 1988.

- Weingart then completed a three-year typesetting apprenticeship in hot metal hand composition at Ruwe Printing. There he came into contact with the company’s consulting designer, Karl-August Hanke, who became his mentor and encouraged him to study in Switzerland.


-  Weingart spent his childhood in Germany, moving briefly to Lisbon in 1954 with his family.

 

                   

Shigeo Fukuda

- was a sculptor, graphic artist and poster designer who created optical illusions.

-  His art pieces usually portray deception, such as Lunch With a Helmet On, a sculpture created entirely from forks, knives, and spoons, that casts a detailed shadow of a motorcycle.

- Fukuda was born on February 4, 1932 in Tokyo to a family that was involved in manufacturing toys. After the end of World War II, he became interested in the minimalist Swiss Style of graphic design, and graduated from Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music in 1956.

- The New York Times described how Fukuda's posters "distilled complex concepts into compelling images of logo-simplicity".

- Fukuda died January 11, 2009, after suffering a subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Wim Crouwel 

- a Dutch graphic designer, type designer, and typographer. 

- Between 1947 and 1949, he studied Fine Arts at Academie Minerva in Groningen, the Netherlands. In addition, he studied typography at what is now the Gerrit Rietveld Academie in Amsterdam.

- In 1963, he was one of the founders of the design studio Total Design (currently named Total Identity).

-  In 1967 he designed the typeface New Alphabet, a design that embraces the limitations of the cathode ray tube technology used by early data display screens and phototypesetting equipment, thus only containing horizontal and vertical strokes. Other typefaces from his hand are Fodor and Gridnik. In 1970 he designed the Dutch pavilion for Expo '70 (Osaka, Japan). 

- In the years Crouwel worked for Total Design, he designed many geometric wordmarks,[1] one of which is the wordmark for the Dutch Rabobank,  designed in 1973.